张仲扬 2019-10-16 17:04
<p><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">让孩子学会写作文，建议学会下面几个方法：</span><br/><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">1、问题提示法</span><br/><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">首先引导孩子根据图画或作文题目，提出若干个相关的问题，解决了这些问题，就等于找到了“写话”的内容，然后将内容按一定顺序排列起来，就形成了一个整体的写作思路。</span><br/><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">为了让孩子有个样板可模仿，可以按人、事、景、物四类文章分别编写“问题提纲”，供孩子参考，让孩子在仿照中学会创新，能提出更多更好的问题，使“写话”的内容丰富起来。</span><br/><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">2、词语联接法</span><br/><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">为了让孩子说起话来有条有理，写起话来具有连贯性，可以根据“写话”内容适当提供一些联接词。</span><br/><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">如：“首先——接着——然后——最后——”，“有的——有的——还有的——”，“有时——有时——”等等。</span><br/><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">孩子可选择合适的联接词，将单个的“零件”串起来，很自然地形成一个有机的整体，这样的“话”说起来才通顺，读起来才合理。</span><br/><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">3、语句扩充法</span><br/><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">只搭好骨架，而没有丰富的语言材料作血肉，读起来就会涩涩的不生动。如何引导孩子将“话”中的重点句子写得更详细更具体更有文采呢？可以运用“语句扩充法”逐步让孩子在分析和思考中把“话”写得更丰满些。</span><br/><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">4、词句积累法</span><br/><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">要使文章写得优美还需要好词好句的点缀，而且“语句扩充法”最重要的是扩充一些精妙的词语和生动的句子。这对于刚上学不足一年识字量不多的孩子来说，的确是一个难题。</span><br/><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">因为这一阶段的孩子认识水平、认知能力以及生活阅历非常有限。做家长的应充分利用家庭空间给孩子创造一个积累和运用好词好句的良好环境。</span><br/><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">5、积极鼓励法</span><br/><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">不管使用哪种方法来引导孩子学习“写话”，最好的方法还是“积极鼓励法”。</span><br/><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">对于处在低年级的孩子来说，“写话”就如同幼儿“丫丫学语”一样艰难。家长要想做好孩子的启蒙老师，就应像期待宝宝喊出第一声“妈”“爸”那样耐心而充满希望。对孩子的要求不能过高，“话”中出现了一个好词，一个好句，有一点点进步就应及时鼓励、表扬。</span></p>