王素洁 2020-11-05 23:16
<p>可以把一些章节制成课件，把某些演示实验做成课件，丰富课堂内容。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 12px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; display: inline-block; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">，其实有时我们使用多媒体，能够增加教学资料和教学信息，使抽象的化学问题简单化、使静态的理论动态化，从而化难为易。</span></p><p><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; display: inline-block; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span></p><p><br/></p>
吕俊亮 2020-11-01 15:24
<p style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">在教学方法上，我们应抛弃原先那种一张嘴、一本书、一支粉笔的怪圈。实验是一个十分好的教学手段，能够提高学生学化学的兴趣，培养动手潜力。化学教师应想方设法多做演示实 验，改善实验，有条件的话让学生自己多做实验。在现代化学教学中，学生喜爱的教学手段是 多媒体 CAI 动画、录像和化学实验，我们可选取教材中的一些典型章节，制作成多媒体课件、录像教学。有很多教师未曾使用过多媒体辅助教学，他们觉得制作课件比较麻烦，在课后花的时间较多，其实有时我们使用多媒体，能够增加教学资料和教学信息，使抽象的化学问题简单化、使静态的理论动态化，从而化难为易。</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">例如，在讲到原子结构时能够用不同颜色，不同大小的小球分别代表原子核和核外的电子，然后制成动画，模拟原子核外电子的运动，透过闪烁的方式及叠加的手段，展现电子云的特征。在比较代替反应和加成反应这两个概念时，动画模拟甲烷和氯气如何断键，氯原子与碳原子构 成新键;乙烯中碳碳双键断裂，两个氯原子分别接到两个碳原子上，透过动画形象直观地展示了两个不同的反应机理。个性是有机化学部分，有机化学反应多，资料琐碎，每次讲新课之前 利用多媒体回顾上次所讲资料，温故而知新。借助于录像教学，既保证学生的安全，又保护环境，还能到达良好的教学效果。例如，苯与液溴在铁粉作催化剂的条件下发生代替反应，由于液溴取用过程中会有溴蒸汽挥发出来，可采用录像技术进行演示，同时对操作注意点进行局部放大，加上旁白介绍，使学生不仅仅能理解为什么这样操作，更能体验正确的操作，而且避免 了液溴毒性的侵害。</span></p><p style="text-indent:16px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">俗话说的话，活到老，学到老。我们只有不断地对自己充电，才能跟上时代的潮流，做一位新型的教师。</span></p><p><br/></p>
吕俊亮 2020-11-01 15:24
<p style="text-align:center;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-size:21px;line-height: 150%;font-family:宋体">《乙醇》教学设计</span></strong></p><p style="text-align:center;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-size:21px;line-height: 150%;font-family:宋体">商水一高</span></strong><strong> </strong><strong><span style="font-size:21px;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">吕俊亮</span></strong></p><p style="margin-left:28px;line-height: 150%;vertical-align:auto"><span style=";line-height:150%">一、</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">教学设计总体思路</span></p><p style="margin-left:48px;line-height: 150%;vertical-align:auto"><span style=";line-height:150%">（一）<span style="font:9px 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">教学背景分析</span></p><p style="margin-left:24px;line-height: 150%;vertical-align:auto"><span style=";line-height:150%">1．<span style="font:9px 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">教学内容分析</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">乙醇是高中化学新课程人教版必修</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Verdana','sans-serif'">2</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">第三章第三节《生活中两种常见的有机物》中</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">的内容，</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">是继烃类</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Verdana','sans-serif'">——</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">甲烷、乙烯、苯之后，向学生介绍的另一种典型的重要的有机化合物。</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">乙醇是联系烃和烃的衍生物的性质的桥梁，它在有机物的相互转化中处于核心地位。</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">学好这一课，可以让学生掌握在烃的衍生物的学习中，</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">抓住官能团的结构和性质这一中心，确认结构决定性质这一普遍性规律，</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">为后面的乙酸、糖、油脂、蛋白质等的学习打下坚实的基础，使学生提高思维能力和解决问题的能力，对以后学好烃的衍生物有着重要的承上启下及指导性的作用。另外，</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">乙醇</span><span style=";line-height: 150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">在实际生活、工农业生产、科学研究中应用十分广泛，因此学好本节知识，也具有比较重要的理论和现实意义。</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%">2</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">．学习目标分析</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px;line-height:150%;font-family:Wingdings"></span><span style=";line-height:150%">. </span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">使学生认识乙醇的主要性质及主要应用。</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px;line-height:150%;font-family:Wingdings"></span><span style=";line-height:150%">. </span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">引导学生常识性地了解与人类生命、营养、健康密切相关的知识。</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px;line-height:150%;font-family:Wingdings"></span><span style=";line-height:150%">. </span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">进一步激发学生学习有机化学的兴趣，提高他们的科学素养。</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%">3. </span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">学情分析</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">乙醇是学生比较熟悉的生活用品，而且经过初中化学的学习，学生已经知道了乙醇的组成、物理性质、燃烧反应和用途，可以说对乙醇比较了解，但是对乙醇的认识主要还停留在宏观表象阶段，还没有从微观结构角度来认识乙醇；虽然前面已经学习了甲烷、乙烯、苯三种有机物，但还没有关于有机物官能团的认识，也没有建立起</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'">“</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">结构</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'">—</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">性质</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'">—</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">用途</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'">”</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">的有机物学习模式。所以在教学中，应该突出强调乙醇的结构对性质的影响以及性质对用途的决定作用，在学生的头脑中逐步建立</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">起</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'">“</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">结构</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'">—</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">性质</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'">—</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">用途</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'">”</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">的有机物学习模式。同时，新课程倡导的是探究式的学习方式，所以要让学生在老师的指导下自己探究发现结构与性质的关系。</span></p><p style="margin-left:48px;line-height: 150%;vertical-align:auto"><span style=";line-height:150%">（二）<span style="font:9px 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">教学设计思路和流程</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">教师活动</span><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">学生活动</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"><img width="704" height="679" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span></p><p style="margin-left:28px;line-height: 150%;vertical-align:auto"><span style=";line-height:150%">二、</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">教学目标</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height: 150%;font-family:宋体">知识与技能：</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;color:black">①</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">掌握乙醇的结构式、物理和化学性质；认识乙醇在日常生活中的应用。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;color:black">②</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">了解羟基的特性，进一步理解和掌握</span><span style=";line-height:150%;color:black">“</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">官能团</span><span style=";line-height:150%;color:black">”</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">的概念。</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height: 150%;font-family:宋体">过程与方法：</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">①通过科学探究活动，</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">了解科学探究的方法，提高运用实验探索解决新问题的能力。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">②</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">通过乙醇的学习，建立</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'">“</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">结构</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'">—</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">性质</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'">—</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">用途</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'">”</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">的有机物学习模式，</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">使学生学会研究有机化学的科学方法。</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">情感态度与价值观：</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;line-height:150%"><span style=";color:black">①</span>结合生活经验和化学实验，进一步激发学生学习有机化学的兴趣，提高科学素养。</p><p style="margin-left:42px;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;color:black">②</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">让学生在自主学习中关注与化学相关的社会问题，渗透科学看待事物的辨证唯物主义观点。</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">三、教学方法</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">实验探究法。</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">四、教学重点、难点</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">重点：乙醇的化学性质（乙醇的催化氧化和取代反应）</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">难点：乙醇的催化氧化</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">五、教学过程</span></p><table><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td width="60" valign="top" style="border: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">教学过程</span></strong></p></td><td width="252" valign="top" style="border-top: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: none; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">教师活动</span></strong></p></td><td width="156" valign="top" style="border-top: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: none; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">学生活动</span></strong></p></td><td width="156" valign="top" style="border-top: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: none; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">设计意图</span></strong></p></td></tr><tr><td width="60" valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-left: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-top: none; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">创设</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">情景</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">引入</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">课题</span></p></td><td width="252" valign="top" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'">[</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">视频</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'">]</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">诗词大会视频</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">说到酒，大家知道我国酒文化的历史源远流长，从古到今有无数咏叹酒的诗词歌赋。</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'">[</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">不同种类的酒的图片</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'">] </span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">这些都可以称为酒，因为都含有酒精，酒精的化学名称是乙醇，这节课我们就来学习乙醇。</span></p></td><td width="156" valign="top" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">感受酒精在生活中作为酒饮料的用途</span></p></td><td width="156" valign="top" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="text-align:center;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">结合实际引入课题</span></p><p style="text-align:center;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">激发学生学习兴趣</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="60" valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-left: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-top: none; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">复习</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">提升</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">已有</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">知识</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p></td><td width="252" valign="top" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">[</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">提问]你知道乙醇的哪些知识以及用途？</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">你还想知道乙醇的什么知识？</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">[</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">过渡]同学们都回答的很好,下面我们一起来具体学习乙醇</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%">[</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">板书</span><span style=";line-height:150%">]</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">一、乙醇的物理性质</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%">[</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">展示</span><span style=";line-height:150%">]</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">无色、透明、有特殊香味的液体；沸点</span><span style=";line-height:150%">78</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">℃；易挥发；密度比水小；能跟水以任意比互溶；能溶解多种无机物和有机物。</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">[</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">转折]乙醇做燃料体现了乙醇的什么性质？</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%">[</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">板书</span><span style=";line-height:150%">]</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">二、乙醇的化学性质</span></p><p style="margin-left:24px;line-height: 150%;vertical-align:auto"><span style=";line-height:150%">1.<span style="font:9px 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">氧化反应</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">（</span><span style=";line-height:150%">1</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">）燃烧</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%">[</span><span style=";line-height: 150%;font-family:宋体">展示</span><span style=";line-height:150%">]</span><span style=";line-height: 150%;font-family:宋体">乙醇燃烧的相关图片</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%">[</span><span style=";line-height: 150%;font-family:宋体">介绍</span><span style=";line-height:150%">]</span><span style=";line-height: 150%;font-family:宋体">乙醇汽油是缓解能源危机的好方法，但是由于乙醇是由玉米等粮食作物制作出来的，所以在汽车成为酒鬼的同时，可能会跟人类争粮食，所以人类需要寻找更好的燃料来解决能源危机。</span></p></td><td width="156" valign="top" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">回答问题：</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">乙醇的组成：</span><span style=";line-height:150%">C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">乙醇的物理性质（无色、有香味、密度比水小等）</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">乙醇的用途：</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">酒饮料、消毒、做溶剂、做燃料等</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">记笔记，补充自己以前不知道的物理性质。</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">回答：可以燃烧的化学性质</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">书写反应方程式</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">体会、感受乙醇作为燃料给人类的两方面的影响。</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p></td><td width="156" valign="top" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">培养学生表达能力，</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">从已知知识出发，提高学习新知识的积极性。</span></p><p style="text-align:center;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="text-align:center;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="text-align:center;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="text-align:center;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="text-align:center;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">帮助学生建立对乙醇物理性质的正确认识</span></p><p style="text-align:center;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="text-align:center;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="text-align:center;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="text-align:center;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="text-align:center;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">认识乙醇的社会价值，同时提升学生对乙醇作为燃料的认识，提高学习的积极性。</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="60" valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-left: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-top: none; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">乙醇</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">的</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">催化</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">氧化</span></p></td><td width="252" valign="top" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">[</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">过渡]汽车成为酒鬼会与人类争粮食，那如果司机成为酒鬼会是什么后果呢？</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%">[</span><span style=";line-height: 150%;font-family:宋体">展示</span><span style=";line-height:150%">]</span><span style=";line-height: 150%;font-family:宋体">酒后驾车导致车祸的图片以及</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">血液中酒精含量与症状、发生事故概率的关系表格</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%">[</span><span style=";line-height: 150%;font-family:宋体">设问</span><span style=";line-height:150%">]</span><span style=";line-height: 150%;font-family:宋体">那么酒精到底在人体内发生了什么样的变化呢？</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%">[</span><span style=";line-height: 150%;font-family:宋体">展示</span><span style=";line-height:150%">]</span><span style=";line-height: 150%;font-family:宋体">酒精在人体内中的代谢过程示意图，指出乙醛的存在使得人会产生各种不舒服的酒后症状。</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%">[</span><span style=";line-height: 150%;font-family:宋体">追问</span><span style=";line-height:150%">]</span><span style=";line-height: 150%;font-family:宋体">那么在实验室里如何能实现乙醇到乙醛的转化呢？</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%">[</span><span style=";line-height: 150%;font-family:宋体">展示</span><span style=";line-height:150%">]</span><span style=";line-height: 150%;font-family:宋体">催化氧化实验的操作步骤</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">[</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">总结归纳]根据学生的回答分析并总结归纳乙醇在铜的催化下被氧化成乙醛</span></p><p>[<span style="font-family:宋体">板书</span>](2)<span style="font-family:宋体">乙醇的催化氧化</span></p><p><span style=";position:absolute;z-index:251652608;left:0px;margin-left:128px;margin-top:16px;width:15px;height:14px"><img width="15" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span>2Cu + O<sub>2</sub>== 2 CuO</p><p style="margin-right:5px"><span style=";position: absolute;z-index:251651584;left:0px;margin-left:124px;margin-top:4px;width:32px;height:12px"><img width="32" height="12" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span>2CuO+2CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH 2Cu +2H<sub>2</sub>O +2CH<sub>3</sub>CHO</p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:black">总</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:black">： </span>Cu</p><p><span style=";position:absolute;z-index:251654656;left:0px;margin-left:104px;margin-top:6px;width:16px;height:13px"><img width="16" height="13" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span><span style=";position: absolute;z-index:251653632;left:0px;margin-left:93px;margin-top:1px;width:39px;height:12px"><img width="39" height="12" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span>2CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH+O<sub>2</sub> 2 H<sub>2</sub>O+ 2CH<sub>3</sub>CHO</p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:black">[</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:black">设问]大家知道警察是如何测试司机有没有喝酒的吗？</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:black">酒精测试仪的原理是：测试仪内部的</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:black">CrO<sub>3</sub></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:black">把乙醇氧化后自身由橙色变为绿色。</span></p><p>[<span style="font-family:宋体">板书</span>]<span style=";font-family:宋体;color:black">（3）被其它氧化剂氧化</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:black">酸性高锰酸钾、重铬酸钾</span></p></td><td width="156" valign="top" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">感受酒后驾车给社会带来的不良影响</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">猜想酒精在人体内的变化</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">体会酒精在人体内的变化</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><br/></p><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span><p><br/></p><br/> <p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">分组实验：</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体">记录实验现象：</span><span style="font-family:宋体">铜丝：红色变成黑色，后又变成红色。液体产生刺激性气味</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">猜测发生的化学反应</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">聆听，记录，理解</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">聆听，理解。</span></p></td><td width="156" valign="top" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">从现实生活切入，提高学生学习和探究的积极性</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">提高学生的实验操作能力以及记录实验现象并通过实验现象分</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">析化学反应的能力。</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">加深对乙醇催化氧化的理解</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">知识的迁移、提升，提高学习的兴趣。</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="60" valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-left: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-top: none; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">乙醇</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">的</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">取代</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">反应</span></p></td><td width="252" valign="top" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">[</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">展示] 乙醇钠的用途：用作合成多种西药的中间体</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">[ </span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">提问]乙醇钠如何来制备呢？</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";position: absolute;z-index:251655680;margin-left:105px;margin-top:11px;width:27px;height:12px"><img width="27" height="12" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">（</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">提示</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">）C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>ONa</span></p><p style="text-align:left;text-indent:63px;line-height:150%"><span style=";position: absolute;z-index:251656704;left:0px;margin-left:93px;margin-top:11px;width:27px;height:12px"><img width="27" height="12" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">H<sub>2</sub>O NaOH</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">[</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">提问]此反应属于什么反应类型？</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">[</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">板书]2、取代反应</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">2CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH + 2Na </span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">→ 2CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>ONa + H<sub>2</sub></span></p></td><td width="156" valign="top" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">感受乙醇钠在生活中的用途</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">猜想</span><span style=";line-height:150%">:</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">乙醇与钠反应生成乙醇钠</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">分组实验：钠与乙醇的反应</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">记录实验现象，并与钠跟水反应的现象做对比</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">得出结论：乙醇与钠反应生成乙醇钠和氢气</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">记笔记，理解</span></p></td><td width="156" valign="top" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">从生活中来，引起学生探究的兴趣。</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">采用联想猜测的方法解决问题</span> </p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="60" valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-left: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-top: none; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">认识</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">乙醇</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">的</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">结构</span></p></td><td width="252" valign="top" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">[</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">展示]乙醇的催化氧化和取代反应的化学方程式</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">[</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">提问]请大家观察这两个方程式，思考：乙醇的反应与什么结构有关？</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">[</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">讲述]</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">这种决定化合物化学特性的原子或原子团叫官能团。</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">羟基是乙醇的官能团。</span>-X,-NO<sub>2</sub>,C=C,-Cl C=C<span style="font-family:宋体">都是官能团</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">同时，乙醇可以看作乙烷的一个氢被羟基取代的产物，是由烃衍生出来的，属于烃的衍生物。</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">[</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">总结]通过乙醇的学习我们得到启示，烃的衍生物的学习要注意：</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";position: absolute;z-index:251658752;margin-left:165px;margin-top:11px;width:39px;height:12px"><img width="39" height="12" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span><span style=";position: absolute;z-index:251657728;margin-left:93px;margin-top:11px;width:39px;height:12px"><img width="39" height="12" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">结构（官能团） 性质 用途</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">[</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">板书]三、乙醇的结构</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">分子式、结构式、结构简式</span></p></td><td width="156" valign="top" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">观察，思考，回答问题：两个反应都与氧氢结构有关。</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">理解</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">记录</span></p></td><td width="156" valign="top" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">帮助学生建立结构与性质的联系，从而初步认识烃的衍生物的学习方法</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="60" valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-left: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-top: none; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">讨论</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">乙醇</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">的用途</span></p></td><td width="252" valign="top" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">[</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">讨论]通过本节课的学习，请你重新认识乙醇，讨论乙醇在现代社会的应用及引起的社会问题。</span></p></td><td width="156" valign="top" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">讨论</span></p></td><td width="156" valign="top" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="text-align:left;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">重新认识乙醇的社会价值，培养学生科学看待事物的态度。</span> </p></td></tr><tr><td width="60" valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-left: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-top: none; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">课后</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">拓展</span></p></td><td width="564" colspan="3" valign="top" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;"><p style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">调查研究：</span></p><p style="line-height:150%">1<span style="font-family:宋体">、调查各种酒中酒精的体积分数</span></p><p style="line-height:150%">2<span style="font-family:宋体">、为什么酒喝多了人会醉</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">调查酗酒的危害性，对此提出你的建议或看法。</span></p><p style="line-height:150%">3<span style="font-family:宋体">、（</span>1<span style="font-family: 宋体">）上网查阅乙醇的工业制法</span> </p><p style="line-height:150%"> <span style="font-family:宋体">（</span>2<span style="font-family:宋体">）工业酒精能否饮用？</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">板书设计</span></strong></p><p style="text-align:center;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">第三节</span> <span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">生活中两种常见的有机物</span></p><p style="text-align:center;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">乙醇</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">一、乙醇的物理性质</span></strong></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">无色、透明、有特殊香味的液体；</span><span style=";line-height:150%">.</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">沸点</span><span style=";line-height:150%">78</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">℃；易挥发；密度比水小；能跟水以任意比互溶；能溶解多种无机物和有机物。</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family: 宋体">二、乙醇的化学性质：</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:28px;line-height:150%"><span style=";position:absolute;z-index:251659776;left:0px;margin-left:197px;margin-top:27px;width:64px;height:39px"><img width="64" height="39" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span><span style=";line-height:150%">1</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">、乙醇的氧化反应</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";position:absolute;z-index:251660800;left:0px;margin-left:228px;margin-top:19px;width:76px;height:67px"><img width="76" height="67" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span><span style=";line-height:150%"> a</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">、燃烧</span><span style=";line-height:150%"> CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH+3O<sub>2 </sub>2CO<sub>2</sub>+3H<sub>2</sub>O</span></p><p style="text-indent:41px;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height: 150%">b</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">、催化氧化</span><span style=";line-height:150%">2CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH + O<sub>2 </sub> 2CH<sub>3</sub>CHO + 2H<sub>2</sub>O</span></p><p style="text-indent:42px;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height: 150%">c</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">、被</span><span style=";line-height:150%">K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">、</span><span style=";line-height: 150%">KMnO4</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">氧化</span></p><p style="text-indent:35px;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height: 150%">2</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">、乙醇取代反应</span></p><p style="text-indent:63px;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height: 150%">2CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH+2Na→2CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>ONa+H<sub>2</sub>↑</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></strong><strong><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">三、乙醇的结构</span></strong></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">分子式：</span><span style=";line-height:150%">C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";position: absolute;z-index:251661824;left:0px;margin-left:29px;margin-top:17px;width:187px;height:75px"><img width="187" height="75" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%"> </span></p><p style="text-indent:35px;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">结构简式：</span><span style=";line-height:150%">CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH</span></p><p style="text-indent:35px;line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">官能团：－</span><span style=";line-height:150%">OH (</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">羟基</span><span style=";line-height:150%">)</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">六、教学反思：</span></p><p style="text-align:left;text-indent:29px;line-height:150%"><span style=";position: absolute;z-index:251662848;left:0px;margin-left:503px;margin-top:107px;width:39px;height:12px"><img width="39" height="12" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span><span style=";position: absolute;z-index:251663872;left:0px;margin-left:11px;margin-top:138px;width:39px;height:12px"><img width="39" height="12" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">乙醇是社会生活中常用的一种有机化合物，是学生非常了解的物质，乙醇有重要的社会价值，但是使用不当也会引起一定的社会问题，本节课秉承从生活中来到生活中去的原则，贯穿了两条线索：知识线和生活线，通过实验探究的方法让学生对乙醇的学科价值和社会价值的认识都有了提升，同时还初步建立了烃的衍生物的学习方法：</span><span style=";line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;color:black">结构（官能团） 性质 用途，学习方法也得到了提升，符合新课程的理念。</span></p><p> </p><p><br/></p>
张金桂 2020-10-27 16:58
<p style="text-indent: 75px;line-height: 150%"></p><p style="text-indent: 75px;line-height: 150%"><span style="position:absolute;z-index:1;margin-left:1277.3333px;margin-top:1237.3333px;width:47.0000px;height:43.0000px"><img width="47" height="43" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">来自石油和煤的两种基本化工原料（第</span>1课时）</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"> </span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">教学</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">目标】</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1．了解乙烯的组成和结构,体会分子结构对其性质的影响。</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2．掌握乙烯的化学性质，理解加成反应的含义。</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3．了解乙烯的主要用途。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 84px;line-height: 150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">【教学重点和难点】</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 150%;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">教学重点：乙烯的结构与性质的关系</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">教学难点：从结构上认识乙烯的加成反应</span></p><p style="margin-left: 84px;line-height: 150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">【教学方法和手段】</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 21px;line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">实验演示法、讨论法，</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">问题探究法</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">【教学资源】</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">多媒体课件：三维动画展示</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">【教学过程】</span></strong></p><p><span style="position:absolute;z-index:1;margin-left:238.1333px;margin-top:24.5333px;width:57.0000px;height:38.0000px"><img width="57" height="38" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">【情景导入】</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span><img width="51" height="37" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span><img width="48" height="45" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span><img width="83" height="71" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></p><p><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> </span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">如果把青桔子和熟苹果放在同一个塑料袋里</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">系紧袋口</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">这样一段时间后青桔子就可以变黄、成熟。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px"><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">这是谁的功劳</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">？</span></p><p style="text-indent: 37px"><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';font-size: 19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">乙</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">烯</span></span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">一乙烯的来源与用途</span></span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">1. </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">从石油中获得乙烯是目前工业上生产乙烯的主要途径。</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">2.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">乙烯是重要的石油化工原料，乙烯的产量可以用来衡量一个国家的石油化工水平。</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">3.</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">工业制取烯烃的原理：</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">石蜡油（液态烷烃混合物）分解实验</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span>1）加热分解石蜡油，观察现象；</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span>2）将产生的气体分别通入溴的四氯化碳溶液、高锰酸钾溶液，观察现象；</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span>3）用排水集气法收集一试管气体，点燃观察燃烧</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><img width="425" height="203" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;font-size:19px">二、</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">乙烯</span></span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">1</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">.</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">烯</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">烃</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">：</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span>1）</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">定义：</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">分子中含有碳碳双键的烃类叫做烯烃，乙烯是最简单的</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">烯烃</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span>2）</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">通式</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">：</span>C</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">n</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">H</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2n</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">(n≥2)</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">。</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"> </span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">乙烯是最简单的烯烃</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.乙烯的分子组成与结构：</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><img width="540" height="117" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">空间结构：平面结构，两个碳原子和四个氢原子共平面。</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">注意</span>:</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">① C==C中C原子不能绕键旋转（C—C可以）</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">② C==C不是两个C—C的简单组合</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">即：</span>C==C中有一个键比较特殊，比通常的C—C 键能小，比较活泼，键容易断裂。</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">3.乙烯的物理性质：</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">乙烯是无色气体，稍有气味，密度是</span>1.25 g/L，比空气略轻（分子量28），难溶于水。 </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">4.</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">乙烯的化学性质：</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">(1)氧化反应：</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">①乙烯在空气中燃烧，火焰明亮且伴有黑烟，</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 150%"><img width="411" height="27" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">（产生黑烟是因为含碳量高，燃烧不充分）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">②乙烯能被酸性KMnO</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">4</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液等氧化，使紫色酸性</span>KMnO</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">4</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">溶液褪色。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 150%"><img width="211" height="27" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px"> </span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">温馨提示</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">：</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">乙烯</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">使酸性</span>KMnO</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:16px;vertical-align:sub">4</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液褪色，可用于鉴别甲烷和乙烯；</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">（</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">2</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">）</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">加成反应：</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;text-indent: 42px;line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">有机物分子中</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">双键</span>(或三键)</span></strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">两端的碳原子与</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">其他原子或原子团</span></strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">直接结合生成新的化合物的反应。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">判断标准：</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;text-indent: 42px;line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">不饱和键</span>C=C、C≡C断裂；</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;text-indent: 42px;line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">两端碳原子分别连接其他基团</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">①乙烯使溴的四氯化碳溶液(或溴水)褪色，</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;text-indent: 56px;line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">CH</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;letter-spacing:-1px;font-size:14px">==</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">=CH</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">＋</span>Br</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;letter-spacing:-2px;font-size:14px">―</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">→CH</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">BrCH</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">Br</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">（</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:16px">1</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:16px">2</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">二溴乙烷</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">温馨提示</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">：</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">鉴别乙烷和乙烯可以使用溴水、酸性</span>KMnO</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">4</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液或</span>Br</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">的</span>CCl</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">4</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液，其中乙烯能使其褪色，而乙烷不能使其褪色；除去乙烷中的乙烯时不能用酸性</span>KMnO</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">4</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液，而应使用溴水或</span>Br</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">的</span>CCl</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">4</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">溶液。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">②乙烯与H</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">的加成反应化学方程式为</span>CH</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;letter-spacing:-1px;font-size:14px">==</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">=CH</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">＋</span>H</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><img width="60" height="21" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">CH</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">3</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">CH</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">3</span></sub><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub"> </span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">（乙烷）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">③乙烯与HCl的加成反应化学方程式为CH</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;letter-spacing:-1px;font-size:14px">==</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">=CH</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">＋</span>HCl</span><img width="56" height="21" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">CH</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">3</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">CH</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">Cl</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">（氯乙烷）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">④乙烯与H</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">O的加成反应化学方程式为CH</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;letter-spacing:-1px;font-size:14px">==</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">=CH</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">＋</span>H</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">O</span><img width="63" height="18" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">CH</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">3</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">CH</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">OH</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">（乙醇）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">（</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">3</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">）</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">加</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">聚</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">反应</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><img width="253" height="55" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">说明</span></strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">：</span>1）. 聚乙烯无固定熔沸点；</span></p><p style="margin-left: 42px;text-indent: 0;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2）</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">. 聚乙烯等白色塑料废弃物，微生物不能降解，是白色污染物。 </span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">加聚反应：</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 56px;line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">由不饱和的相对分子质量小的化合物分子结合成相对分子质量大的化合物的分子，这样的反应是加成反应同时又是聚合反应，简称加聚反应。 </span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">[</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">归纳小结</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">]</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><img width="512" height="261" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">随堂检测</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">】</span></strong></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">(1) </span><img width="74" height="33" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px"> <span style="font-family:宋体">的分子式是</span>C3H6<span style="font-family:宋体">，符合通式</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">CnH2n</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，故该烃是烯烃</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">( )</span></span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px"> </span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">(2)<span style="font-family:宋体">从石油和煤中获得乙烯是目前工业上生产乙烯的主要途径</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">( )</span></span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">(3)<span style="font-family:宋体">乙烯可燃，能被</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">O2</span><span style="font-family:宋体">还原生成</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">CO2</span><span style="font-family:宋体">和</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">H2O( )</span></span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">(4)<span style="font-family:宋体">用溴水或酸性</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">KMnO4</span><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液可以区分甲烷和乙烯</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">( )</span></span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">(5)<span style="font-family:宋体">乙烯双键中的一个键可以断裂，容易发生加成反应和取代反应</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">( )</span></span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">(6)<span style="font-family:宋体">乙烯使酸性高锰酸钾溶液及溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色的原理相同</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">( )</span></span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">(7)<span style="font-family:宋体">水果运输中为延长果实成熟期，常在车厢里放置浸泡过酸性</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">KMnO4</span><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液的硅藻土</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">( )</span></span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">(8)<span style="font-family:宋体">工业上利用乙烯水化法制乙醇，是发生了取代反应</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">( )</span></span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">(9)<span style="font-family:宋体">乙烯和聚乙烯分子中均含有碳碳双键</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">( )</span></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">作业</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">】</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:56px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">课本</span>72页1、8小题</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">【板书设计】</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:80px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';line-height: 150%;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">第二节 来自石油和煤的两种基本化工原料</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:33px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">一、</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">乙烯的</span></span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">物理性质：无色、稍有气味的气体，比空气轻，难溶于水。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:33px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"></span></p><p style="text-indent:33px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">二、</span></span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">乙烯的分子组成与结构</span></span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">分子式：</span></span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px">C</span><sub><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px">H</span><sub><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px;vertical-align:sub">4</span></sub><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"></span></p><p style="text-indent:33px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">电子式：</span></span><img width="138" height="42" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></p><p style="text-indent:33px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">结构式：</span></span><img width="101" height="50" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">化学性质：</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:33px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">结构简式：</span></span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px">CH</span><sub><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px">==</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px">CH</span><sub><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"></span></p><p style="text-indent:33px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">三、乙烯的化学性质</span></span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"></span></p><p style="text-indent:33px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px">1.</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">氧化反应</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:33px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span></span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px">1</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">）在空气中燃烧</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:33px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px">C</span><sub><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px">H</span><sub><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px;vertical-align:sub">4</span></sub><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px">+3O</span><sub><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><img width="40" height="21" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px">2CO</span><sub><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px">+2H</span><sub><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px">O</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"></span></p><p style="text-indent:33px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span></span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px">2</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">）使高锰酸钾溶液褪色</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:33px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px">2.</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">加成反应</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:33px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><img width="329" height="86" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"></span></p><p style="text-indent:33px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px">1</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px">2</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">二溴乙烷</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:33px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px">3</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px">.</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">加</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">聚</span></span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">反应</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:29px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><img width="253" height="55" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"> </span></p><p style="text-indent:33px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:150%;font-size:16px"></span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px"> <span style="font-family:宋体">四、乙烯的用途</span></span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px"> </span></strong></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px"> </span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><br/></p>