发布人:孔祥顺
所在工作坊: 罗山县竹竿初中 初中化学
时间日期:2019-05-01 至 2019-08-07
609讨论 95人
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px;">《金属的化学性质》是人教版九年级化学(下册)第八单元课题2的 内容,本课题是初中化学的重点,主要有常见金属的三点化学性质及置换反应的定义。本课题是在学生原有知识的基础上对金属的化学性质进行较为深入、系统地学 习,以实验探究为突破口,引导学生采用分类研究,对比分析的方法认识置换反应,归纳总结金属的有关反应规律,并通过对规律的应用,达到落实知识、形成能力 的目的。它侧重于对金属活动性顺序的理解和能利用金属活动性顺序解释—些与日常生活有关的化学问题,使学生在获得知识的同时,解决实际问题的能力也获得提高,而且学好本课题为以后学习酸、碱、盐打下良好的基础。</span></p><p><br/></p>
开始时间 : 2019-05-01结束时间 : 2019-08-07
步骤描述: <p style="text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">课题</span>2</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px"> </span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">金属的化学性质</span></span></strong></p><p><span style=";font-family:黑体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:黑体">【教学目标】</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">知道铁、铝、铜等常见金属与氧气的反应;</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">初步认识常见金属与盐酸、硫酸的置换反应以及与盐溶液的置换反应</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">能用置换反应解释一些与日常生活有关的化学问题;</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3.<span style="font-family:宋体">能用金属活动性顺序对有关的置换反应进行简单</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">的</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">判断</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">并能利用金属活动性顺序解释一些与日常生活有关的化学问题。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">【教学重点】</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> <span style="font-family:Times New Roman">1.</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 14px">铁、铝、铜等常见金属与氧气的反应</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span> <span style="font-family:Times New Roman">2.</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 14px">初步认识常见金属与酸、金属与金属化合物的溶液反应</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">【教学难点】</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 14px">培养学生归纳思维能力、实验探究能力</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:黑体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:黑体">【教法分析】</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">“问题引入→实验探究→分析总结→应用规律”的教学模式。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">根据教育理念,结合教材内容特点及学生认知情况,本节课采用自主学习</span>→引导→实验探究相结合的教学方法。金属与氧气反应采用回顾→自主学习教学方法。金属与稀盐酸、稀硫酸的反应;金属与金属化合物溶液的反应采用实验探究的教学方法。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:黑体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:黑体">【教学过程】</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px;background:rgb(217,217,217)"><span style="font-family:宋体">板块一</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">金属与氧气的反应</span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">阅读书本第</span>9<span style="font-family:宋体">页的有关内容</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">完成下列问题:</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">铝为什么具有很好的抗腐蚀性能?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">镁、铝在常温下能与氧气发生反应</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">该反应的化学方程式:</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">2Mg+O</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">2</span></sub></span><img width="30" height="19" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">2MgO</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">、</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">4Al+3O</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">2</span></sub></span><img width="30" height="19" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">2Al</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">2</span></sub></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">O</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">3</span></sub></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">;铁、铜在常温下几乎不与氧气反应</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">但在高温</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">时</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">能与氧气反应。写出该反应的化学方程式:</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">3</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">Fe+</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">2</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">O</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">2</span></sub></span><img width="45" height="25" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">Fe</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">3</span></sub></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">O</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">4</span></sub></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">、</span></p><p><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">2Cu+O</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">2</span></sub></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub"> </span></sub></span><img width="45" height="25" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">2CuO</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">;</span>“真金不怕火炼”说明金即使在高温时也不与氧气反应。从上述实验事实得出结论:</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">镁、铝</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">比较活泼</span>,</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">铁、铜</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">次之</span>,</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">金</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">最不活泼。</span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">黄铜</span>(<span style="font-family:宋体">铜锌合金</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体">与黄金的外观很相似</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">我们可以用什么</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">方</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">法来鉴别它们呢?</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">物理方法:将黄铜片与黄金相刻</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">划</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,<span style="font-family:宋体">有</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">划</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">痕的是黄金。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">化学方法:分别灼烧黄铜片与黄金</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">无变化的是黄金</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">变黑的是黄铜。</span></span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">要想更好地使用金属</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">就需了解金属的各种性质。上节课我们学习了金属的物理性质</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">这节课来学习金属的化学性质。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;font-size:19px;background:rgb(217,217,217)"><span style="font-family:宋体">板块二</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">金属与盐酸或稀硫酸</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">的</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">反应</span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">金属与盐酸或稀硫酸能否反应以及反应的剧烈程度</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">也可反映出金属的活泼程度。下面</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">我们就通过实验来比较镁、锌、铁、铜的活动性。同学们预习书本第</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">10-11</span><span style="font-family:宋体">页的有关内容</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">完成下列问题:</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">在试管里放入两小块镁</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">加入</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">5 mL</span><span style="font-family:宋体">稀盐酸</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">用燃着的小木条放在试管口</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">看到现象:</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">试管里有气泡产生、试管口气体燃烧发出淡蓝色火焰</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,<span style="font-family:宋体">结论:该气体是</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">氢气</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">参照上述实验步骤</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">分别在放有两小块锌、铁或铜的试管中加入稀盐酸</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">观察现象</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">比较反应的剧烈程度。如果有气体生成</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">判断生成的是什么气体。用稀硫酸代替盐酸进行实验</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">并比较发生的现象。</span></span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">通过以上实验</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">结合书本上</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">第</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">11<span style="font-family:宋体">页的图</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">8-12</span><span style="font-family:宋体">你得出的结论是什么?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(1)</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">镁、锌、铁</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">可与稀盐酸和稀硫酸反应生成</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">氢气</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,<span style="font-family:宋体">铜不能与稀盐酸和稀硫酸反应。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(2)<span style="font-family:宋体">与酸反应时</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">能生成</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">H</span></span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">的金属活动性</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">强</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">;否则</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">就较弱。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(3)<span style="font-family:宋体">镁、锌、铁与稀盐酸和稀硫酸反应的剧烈程度不同。</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">镁</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">反应最剧烈</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">其次是</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">锌</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">最</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">后是</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">铁</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(4)<span style="font-family:宋体">金属与酸反应越剧烈</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">金属的活动性就越强。金属活动性由强到弱</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">的顺序</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">:</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">镁、锌、铁、铜</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">等质量的镁、锌、铁与足量的稀盐酸反应</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">放出氢气质量由多到少的顺序?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3.<span style="font-family:宋体">根据金属与酸反应时是否有氢气产生</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">将金属分为</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">活泼金属</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">、</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">不活泼金属</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">铁与酸反应时</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">溶液由无色变成浅绿色</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体">亚铁离子是浅绿色</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">),</span><span style="font-family:宋体">故只能生成</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">FeCl</span></span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">或</span>FeSO</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">4</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">请同学们写出铝和稀盐酸或稀硫酸反应的化学方程式。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px;background:rgb(217,217,217)"><span style="font-family:宋体">板块三</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">金属与盐溶液的反应</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">在验证质量守恒定律时</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">铁钉和硫酸铜溶液反应中看到的现象:铁钉的表面有红色的物质生成。这就表明铁的活动性比铜强。同学们做三个实验</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">填写下方的内容。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">把一根用砂纸打磨过的铝丝浸入硫酸铜溶液中</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">过一会儿取出</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">观察</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">有什么现象发生?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">把一根洁净的铜丝浸入硝酸银溶液中</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">过一会儿取出</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">观察</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">有什么现象发生?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3.<span style="font-family:宋体">把一根洁净的铜丝浸入硫酸铝溶液中</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">过一会儿取出</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">观察</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">有什么现象发生?</span></span></p><table width="671"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td width="174" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">实验</span></p></td><td width="259" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">现象</span></p></td><td width="237" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">反应的化学方程式</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="174" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">铝丝浸入硫</span></span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">酸铜溶液中</span></p></td><td width="259" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">铝丝</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">上</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">有红色物质析出<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">硫酸铜溶液蓝色变淡</span></span></p></td><td width="237" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2Al+3CuSO</span><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:-1px;font-size:14px;position:relative;top:1px"><img width="30" height="19" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">Al</span><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(SO</span><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">)</span><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">3</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">+3Cu</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:47px"><td width="174" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">铜丝浸入硝</span></span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">酸银溶液中</span></p></td><td width="259" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">铜丝上有银白色物质析出<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液呈浅蓝色</span></span></p></td><td width="237" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">Cu+2AgNO</span><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">3</span></sub><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub"> </span></sub><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:-1px;font-size:14px;position:relative;top:1px"><img width="30" height="19" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">Cu(NO</span><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">)</span><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">+2Ag</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:43px"><td width="174" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3.<span style="font-family:宋体">铜丝浸入硫</span></span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">酸铝溶液中</span></p></td><td width="259" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">无明显现象</span></p></td><td width="237" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><br/></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">4.<span style="font-family:宋体">通过实验</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">3,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">你分别得出什么结论?能否据此得出铝、铜、银的金属活动性顺序?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">5.<span style="font-family:宋体">学完本课后</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">你能否想出另外的办法来鉴别黄铜和黄金?</span></span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">如何快速记忆金属活动</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">性</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">顺序表?</span>(<span style="font-family:宋体">钾钙钠镁铝锌铁锡铅氢铜汞银铂金</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">)</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">展示活泼金属与酸、金属与</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">盐</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液反应的化学方程式</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">从反应物和生成物的角度分析</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">这些反应有什么特点?它与我们学过的化合反应和分解反应的特点是否相同?用字母该如何表示?它是否属于化学反应的基本类型?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3.<span style="font-family:宋体">金属活动</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">性</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">顺序表有什么作用?</span>(<span style="font-family:宋体">可以作为金属能否在溶液中发生置换反应的一种判断依据</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">)</span></span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">在金属活动</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">性</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">顺序表中</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">两金属相隔越远</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">其置换能力就越强。例如:锌和铜放入硝酸银溶液中</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">先发生反应的是锌和硝酸银</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">当锌用完后</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">才是铜与硝酸银溶液反应</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">同学们可讨论为什么?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.K<span style="font-family:宋体">、</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">Ca</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">Na</span><span style="font-family:宋体">不能把它后面的金属从</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">它</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">们的盐溶液中置换出来。因为钾钙钠的活动性太强</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">能与水发生反应生成碱和氢气。可以先给出示例</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">然后让学生自己写一个锻炼一下。</span></span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">下列物质能否发生反应并说明理由</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">写出能发生反应的化学方程式并判断它们是否为置换反应。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">①银与稀盐酸②锌与硫酸铜溶液③铜与硫酸锌溶液④铝与硝酸银溶液</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">写出碳与氧化铜、氢气与金属氧化物、活泼金属与酸、前面的金属与后面金属</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">的盐</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液反应的化学方程式</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">归纳总结置换反应的几种类型。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3.<span style="font-family:宋体">学完本课题你如何设计实验证明金属的活动性</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">(A</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">B</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">C</span><span style="font-family:宋体">三种金属</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体">?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">4.<span style="font-family:宋体">完成书本</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">第</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">13<span style="font-family:宋体">页的练习题。</span></span></p><p><img width="68" height="21" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">【</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">板书设计</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">】</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">课题</span>2:金属的化学性质</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">一、金属与氧气反应</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">活动性:</span>Mg>Fe>Au</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">二、金属与酸的反应</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">活动性:</span>Mg>Zn>Fe>Cu</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">置换反应:由一种单质与一种化合物反应,生成另一种单质与另一种化合物的反应叫做置换反应。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">三、金属与金属化合物的溶液反应</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">金属活动性顺序表</span></p><p><br/></p>
开始时间 : 2019-05-01结束时间 : 2019-08-07
步骤描述: <p style="text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">课题</span>2</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px"> </span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">金属的化学性质</span></span></strong></p><p><span style=";font-family:黑体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:黑体">【教学目标】</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">知道铁、铝、铜等常见金属与氧气的反应;</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">初步认识常见金属与盐酸、硫酸的置换反应以及与盐溶液的置换反应</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">能用置换反应解释一些与日常生活有关的化学问题;</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3.<span style="font-family:宋体">能用金属活动性顺序对有关的置换反应进行简单</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">的</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">判断</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">并能利用金属活动性顺序解释一些与日常生活有关的化学问题。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">【教学重点】</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> <span style="font-family:Times New Roman">1.</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 14px">铁、铝、铜等常见金属与氧气的反应</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span> <span style="font-family:Times New Roman">2.</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 14px">初步认识常见金属与酸、金属与金属化合物的溶液反应</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">【教学难点】</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 14px">培养学生归纳思维能力、实验探究能力</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:黑体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:黑体">【教法分析】</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">“问题引入→实验探究→分析总结→应用规律”的教学模式。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">根据教育理念,结合教材内容特点及学生认知情况,本节课采用自主学习</span>→引导→实验探究相结合的教学方法。金属与氧气反应采用回顾→自主学习教学方法。金属与稀盐酸、稀硫酸的反应;金属与金属化合物溶液的反应采用实验探究的教学方法。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:黑体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:黑体">【教学过程】</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px;background:rgb(217,217,217)"><span style="font-family:宋体">板块一</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">金属与氧气的反应</span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">阅读书本第</span>9<span style="font-family:宋体">页的有关内容</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">完成下列问题:</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">铝为什么具有很好的抗腐蚀性能?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">镁、铝在常温下能与氧气发生反应</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">该反应的化学方程式:</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">2Mg+O</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">2</span></sub></span><img width="30" height="19" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">2MgO</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">、</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">4Al+3O</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">2</span></sub></span><img width="30" height="19" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">2Al</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">2</span></sub></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">O</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">3</span></sub></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">;铁、铜在常温下几乎不与氧气反应</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">但在高温</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">时</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">能与氧气反应。写出该反应的化学方程式:</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">3</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">Fe+</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">2</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">O</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">2</span></sub></span><img width="45" height="25" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">Fe</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">3</span></sub></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">O</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">4</span></sub></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">、</span></p><p><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">2Cu+O</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">2</span></sub></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub"> </span></sub></span><img width="45" height="25" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">2CuO</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">;</span>“真金不怕火炼”说明金即使在高温时也不与氧气反应。从上述实验事实得出结论:</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">镁、铝</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">比较活泼</span>,</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">铁、铜</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">次之</span>,</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">金</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">最不活泼。</span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">黄铜</span>(<span style="font-family:宋体">铜锌合金</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体">与黄金的外观很相似</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">我们可以用什么</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">方</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">法来鉴别它们呢?</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">物理方法:将黄铜片与黄金相刻</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">划</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,<span style="font-family:宋体">有</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">划</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">痕的是黄金。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">化学方法:分别灼烧黄铜片与黄金</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">无变化的是黄金</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">变黑的是黄铜。</span></span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">要想更好地使用金属</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">就需了解金属的各种性质。上节课我们学习了金属的物理性质</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">这节课来学习金属的化学性质。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;font-size:19px;background:rgb(217,217,217)"><span style="font-family:宋体">板块二</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">金属与盐酸或稀硫酸</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">的</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">反应</span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">金属与盐酸或稀硫酸能否反应以及反应的剧烈程度</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">也可反映出金属的活泼程度。下面</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">我们就通过实验来比较镁、锌、铁、铜的活动性。同学们预习书本第</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">10-11</span><span style="font-family:宋体">页的有关内容</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">完成下列问题:</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">在试管里放入两小块镁</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">加入</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">5 mL</span><span style="font-family:宋体">稀盐酸</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">用燃着的小木条放在试管口</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">看到现象:</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">试管里有气泡产生、试管口气体燃烧发出淡蓝色火焰</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,<span style="font-family:宋体">结论:该气体是</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">氢气</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">参照上述实验步骤</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">分别在放有两小块锌、铁或铜的试管中加入稀盐酸</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">观察现象</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">比较反应的剧烈程度。如果有气体生成</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">判断生成的是什么气体。用稀硫酸代替盐酸进行实验</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">并比较发生的现象。</span></span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">通过以上实验</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">结合书本上</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">第</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">11<span style="font-family:宋体">页的图</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">8-12</span><span style="font-family:宋体">你得出的结论是什么?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(1)</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">镁、锌、铁</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">可与稀盐酸和稀硫酸反应生成</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">氢气</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,<span style="font-family:宋体">铜不能与稀盐酸和稀硫酸反应。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(2)<span style="font-family:宋体">与酸反应时</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">能生成</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">H</span></span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">的金属活动性</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">强</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">;否则</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">就较弱。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(3)<span style="font-family:宋体">镁、锌、铁与稀盐酸和稀硫酸反应的剧烈程度不同。</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">镁</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">反应最剧烈</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">其次是</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">锌</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">最</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">后是</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">铁</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(4)<span style="font-family:宋体">金属与酸反应越剧烈</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">金属的活动性就越强。金属活动性由强到弱</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">的顺序</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">:</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">镁、锌、铁、铜</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">等质量的镁、锌、铁与足量的稀盐酸反应</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">放出氢气质量由多到少的顺序?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3.<span style="font-family:宋体">根据金属与酸反应时是否有氢气产生</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">将金属分为</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">活泼金属</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">、</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">不活泼金属</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">铁与酸反应时</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">溶液由无色变成浅绿色</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体">亚铁离子是浅绿色</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">),</span><span style="font-family:宋体">故只能生成</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">FeCl</span></span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">或</span>FeSO</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">4</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">请同学们写出铝和稀盐酸或稀硫酸反应的化学方程式。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px;background:rgb(217,217,217)"><span style="font-family:宋体">板块三</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">金属与盐溶液的反应</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">在验证质量守恒定律时</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">铁钉和硫酸铜溶液反应中看到的现象:铁钉的表面有红色的物质生成。这就表明铁的活动性比铜强。同学们做三个实验</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">填写下方的内容。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">把一根用砂纸打磨过的铝丝浸入硫酸铜溶液中</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">过一会儿取出</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">观察</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">有什么现象发生?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">把一根洁净的铜丝浸入硝酸银溶液中</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">过一会儿取出</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">观察</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">有什么现象发生?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3.<span style="font-family:宋体">把一根洁净的铜丝浸入硫酸铝溶液中</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">过一会儿取出</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">观察</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">有什么现象发生?</span></span></p><table width="671"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td width="174" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">实验</span></p></td><td width="259" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">现象</span></p></td><td width="237" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">反应的化学方程式</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="174" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">铝丝浸入硫</span></span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">酸铜溶液中</span></p></td><td width="259" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">铝丝</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">上</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">有红色物质析出<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">硫酸铜溶液蓝色变淡</span></span></p></td><td width="237" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2Al+3CuSO</span><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:-1px;font-size:14px;position:relative;top:1px"><img width="30" height="19" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">Al</span><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(SO</span><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">)</span><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">3</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">+3Cu</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:47px"><td width="174" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">铜丝浸入硝</span></span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">酸银溶液中</span></p></td><td width="259" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">铜丝上有银白色物质析出<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液呈浅蓝色</span></span></p></td><td width="237" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">Cu+2AgNO</span><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">3</span></sub><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub"> </span></sub><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:-1px;font-size:14px;position:relative;top:1px"><img width="30" height="19" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">Cu(NO</span><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">)</span><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">+2Ag</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:43px"><td width="174" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3.<span style="font-family:宋体">铜丝浸入硫</span></span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">酸铝溶液中</span></p></td><td width="259" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">无明显现象</span></p></td><td width="237" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><br/></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">4.<span style="font-family:宋体">通过实验</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">3,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">你分别得出什么结论?能否据此得出铝、铜、银的金属活动性顺序?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">5.<span style="font-family:宋体">学完本课后</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">你能否想出另外的办法来鉴别黄铜和黄金?</span></span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">如何快速记忆金属活动</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">性</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">顺序表?</span>(<span style="font-family:宋体">钾钙钠镁铝锌铁锡铅氢铜汞银铂金</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">)</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">展示活泼金属与酸、金属与</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">盐</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液反应的化学方程式</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">从反应物和生成物的角度分析</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">这些反应有什么特点?它与我们学过的化合反应和分解反应的特点是否相同?用字母该如何表示?它是否属于化学反应的基本类型?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3.<span style="font-family:宋体">金属活动</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">性</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">顺序表有什么作用?</span>(<span style="font-family:宋体">可以作为金属能否在溶液中发生置换反应的一种判断依据</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">)</span></span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">在金属活动</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">性</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">顺序表中</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">两金属相隔越远</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">其置换能力就越强。例如:锌和铜放入硝酸银溶液中</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">先发生反应的是锌和硝酸银</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">当锌用完后</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">才是铜与硝酸银溶液反应</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">同学们可讨论为什么?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.K<span style="font-family:宋体">、</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">Ca</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">Na</span><span style="font-family:宋体">不能把它后面的金属从</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">它</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">们的盐溶液中置换出来。因为钾钙钠的活动性太强</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">能与水发生反应生成碱和氢气。可以先给出示例</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">然后让学生自己写一个锻炼一下。</span></span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">下列物质能否发生反应并说明理由</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">写出能发生反应的化学方程式并判断它们是否为置换反应。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">①银与稀盐酸②锌与硫酸铜溶液③铜与硫酸锌溶液④铝与硝酸银溶液</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">写出碳与氧化铜、氢气与金属氧化物、活泼金属与酸、前面的金属与后面金属</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">的盐</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液反应的化学方程式</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">归纳总结置换反应的几种类型。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3.<span style="font-family:宋体">学完本课题你如何设计实验证明金属的活动性</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">(A</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">B</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">C</span><span style="font-family:宋体">三种金属</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体">?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">4.<span style="font-family:宋体">完成书本</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">第</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">13<span style="font-family:宋体">页的练习题。</span></span></p><p><img width="68" height="21" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">【</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">板书设计</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">】</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">课题</span>2:金属的化学性质</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">一、金属与氧气反应</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">活动性:</span>Mg>Fe>Au</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">二、金属与酸的反应</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">活动性:</span>Mg>Zn>Fe>Cu</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">置换反应:由一种单质与一种化合物反应,生成另一种单质与另一种化合物的反应叫做置换反应。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">三、金属与金属化合物的溶液反应</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">金属活动性顺序表</span></p><p><br/></p>
开始时间 : 2019-05-01结束时间 : 2019-08-07
步骤描述: <p style="text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">课题</span>2</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px"> </span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">金属的化学性质</span></span></strong></p><p><span style=";font-family:黑体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:黑体">【教学目标】</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">知道铁、铝、铜等常见金属与氧气的反应;</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">初步认识常见金属与盐酸、硫酸的置换反应以及与盐溶液的置换反应</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">能用置换反应解释一些与日常生活有关的化学问题;</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3.<span style="font-family:宋体">能用金属活动性顺序对有关的置换反应进行简单</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">的</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">判断</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">并能利用金属活动性顺序解释一些与日常生活有关的化学问题。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">【教学重点】</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> <span style="font-family:Times New Roman">1.</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 14px">铁、铝、铜等常见金属与氧气的反应</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span> <span style="font-family:Times New Roman">2.</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 14px">初步认识常见金属与酸、金属与金属化合物的溶液反应</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">【教学难点】</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 14px">培养学生归纳思维能力、实验探究能力</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:黑体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:黑体">【教法分析】</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">“问题引入→实验探究→分析总结→应用规律”的教学模式。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">根据教育理念,结合教材内容特点及学生认知情况,本节课采用自主学习</span>→引导→实验探究相结合的教学方法。金属与氧气反应采用回顾→自主学习教学方法。金属与稀盐酸、稀硫酸的反应;金属与金属化合物溶液的反应采用实验探究的教学方法。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:黑体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:黑体">【教学过程】</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px;background:rgb(217,217,217)"><span style="font-family:宋体">板块一</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">金属与氧气的反应</span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">阅读书本第</span>9<span style="font-family:宋体">页的有关内容</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">完成下列问题:</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">铝为什么具有很好的抗腐蚀性能?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">镁、铝在常温下能与氧气发生反应</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">该反应的化学方程式:</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">2Mg+O</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">2</span></sub></span><img width="30" height="19" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">2MgO</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">、</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">4Al+3O</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">2</span></sub></span><img width="30" height="19" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">2Al</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">2</span></sub></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">O</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">3</span></sub></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">;铁、铜在常温下几乎不与氧气反应</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">但在高温</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">时</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">能与氧气反应。写出该反应的化学方程式:</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">3</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">Fe+</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">2</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">O</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">2</span></sub></span><img width="45" height="25" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">Fe</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">3</span></sub></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">O</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">4</span></sub></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">、</span></p><p><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">2Cu+O</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub">2</span></sub></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: sub"> </span></sub></span><img width="45" height="25" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">2CuO</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">;</span>“真金不怕火炼”说明金即使在高温时也不与氧气反应。从上述实验事实得出结论:</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">镁、铝</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">比较活泼</span>,</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">铁、铜</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">次之</span>,</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">金</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">最不活泼。</span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">黄铜</span>(<span style="font-family:宋体">铜锌合金</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体">与黄金的外观很相似</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">我们可以用什么</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">方</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">法来鉴别它们呢?</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">物理方法:将黄铜片与黄金相刻</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">划</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,<span style="font-family:宋体">有</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">划</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">痕的是黄金。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">化学方法:分别灼烧黄铜片与黄金</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">无变化的是黄金</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">变黑的是黄铜。</span></span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">要想更好地使用金属</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">就需了解金属的各种性质。上节课我们学习了金属的物理性质</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">这节课来学习金属的化学性质。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;font-size:19px;background:rgb(217,217,217)"><span style="font-family:宋体">板块二</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">金属与盐酸或稀硫酸</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">的</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">反应</span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">金属与盐酸或稀硫酸能否反应以及反应的剧烈程度</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">也可反映出金属的活泼程度。下面</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">我们就通过实验来比较镁、锌、铁、铜的活动性。同学们预习书本第</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">10-11</span><span style="font-family:宋体">页的有关内容</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">完成下列问题:</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">在试管里放入两小块镁</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">加入</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">5 mL</span><span style="font-family:宋体">稀盐酸</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">用燃着的小木条放在试管口</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">看到现象:</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">试管里有气泡产生、试管口气体燃烧发出淡蓝色火焰</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,<span style="font-family:宋体">结论:该气体是</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">氢气</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">参照上述实验步骤</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">分别在放有两小块锌、铁或铜的试管中加入稀盐酸</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">观察现象</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">比较反应的剧烈程度。如果有气体生成</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">判断生成的是什么气体。用稀硫酸代替盐酸进行实验</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">并比较发生的现象。</span></span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">通过以上实验</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">结合书本上</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">第</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">11<span style="font-family:宋体">页的图</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">8-12</span><span style="font-family:宋体">你得出的结论是什么?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(1)</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">镁、锌、铁</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">可与稀盐酸和稀硫酸反应生成</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">氢气</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,<span style="font-family:宋体">铜不能与稀盐酸和稀硫酸反应。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(2)<span style="font-family:宋体">与酸反应时</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">能生成</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">H</span></span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">的金属活动性</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">强</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">;否则</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">就较弱。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(3)<span style="font-family:宋体">镁、锌、铁与稀盐酸和稀硫酸反应的剧烈程度不同。</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">镁</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">反应最剧烈</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">其次是</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">锌</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">最</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">后是</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">铁</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(4)<span style="font-family:宋体">金属与酸反应越剧烈</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">金属的活动性就越强。金属活动性由强到弱</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">的顺序</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">:</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">镁、锌、铁、铜</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">等质量的镁、锌、铁与足量的稀盐酸反应</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">放出氢气质量由多到少的顺序?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3.<span style="font-family:宋体">根据金属与酸反应时是否有氢气产生</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">将金属分为</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">活泼金属</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">、</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">不活泼金属</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">铁与酸反应时</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">溶液由无色变成浅绿色</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体">亚铁离子是浅绿色</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">),</span><span style="font-family:宋体">故只能生成</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">FeCl</span></span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">或</span>FeSO</span><sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">4</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">请同学们写出铝和稀盐酸或稀硫酸反应的化学方程式。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px;background:rgb(217,217,217)"><span style="font-family:宋体">板块三</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">金属与盐溶液的反应</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">在验证质量守恒定律时</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">铁钉和硫酸铜溶液反应中看到的现象:铁钉的表面有红色的物质生成。这就表明铁的活动性比铜强。同学们做三个实验</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">填写下方的内容。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">把一根用砂纸打磨过的铝丝浸入硫酸铜溶液中</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">过一会儿取出</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">观察</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">有什么现象发生?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">把一根洁净的铜丝浸入硝酸银溶液中</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">过一会儿取出</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">观察</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">有什么现象发生?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3.<span style="font-family:宋体">把一根洁净的铜丝浸入硫酸铝溶液中</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">过一会儿取出</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">观察</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">有什么现象发生?</span></span></p><table width="671"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td width="174" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">实验</span></p></td><td width="259" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">现象</span></p></td><td width="237" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">反应的化学方程式</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="174" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">铝丝浸入硫</span></span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">酸铜溶液中</span></p></td><td width="259" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">铝丝</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">上</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">有红色物质析出<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">硫酸铜溶液蓝色变淡</span></span></p></td><td width="237" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2Al+3CuSO</span><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:-1px;font-size:14px;position:relative;top:1px"><img width="30" height="19" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">Al</span><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(SO</span><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">)</span><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">3</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">+3Cu</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:47px"><td width="174" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">铜丝浸入硝</span></span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">酸银溶液中</span></p></td><td width="259" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">铜丝上有银白色物质析出<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液呈浅蓝色</span></span></p></td><td width="237" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">Cu+2AgNO</span><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">3</span></sub><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub"> </span></sub><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:-1px;font-size:14px;position:relative;top:1px"><img width="30" height="19" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">Cu(NO</span><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">)</span><sub><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;vertical-align:sub">2</span></sub><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">+2Ag</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:43px"><td width="174" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3.<span style="font-family:宋体">铜丝浸入硫</span></span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">酸铝溶液中</span></p></td><td width="259" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">无明显现象</span></p></td><td width="237" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><br/></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">4.<span style="font-family:宋体">通过实验</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">3,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">你分别得出什么结论?能否据此得出铝、铜、银的金属活动性顺序?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">5.<span style="font-family:宋体">学完本课后</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">你能否想出另外的办法来鉴别黄铜和黄金?</span></span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">如何快速记忆金属活动</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">性</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">顺序表?</span>(<span style="font-family:宋体">钾钙钠镁铝锌铁锡铅氢铜汞银铂金</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">)</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">展示活泼金属与酸、金属与</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">盐</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液反应的化学方程式</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">从反应物和生成物的角度分析</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">这些反应有什么特点?它与我们学过的化合反应和分解反应的特点是否相同?用字母该如何表示?它是否属于化学反应的基本类型?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3.<span style="font-family:宋体">金属活动</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">性</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">顺序表有什么作用?</span>(<span style="font-family:宋体">可以作为金属能否在溶液中发生置换反应的一种判断依据</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">)</span></span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">在金属活动</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">性</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">顺序表中</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">两金属相隔越远</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">其置换能力就越强。例如:锌和铜放入硝酸银溶液中</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">先发生反应的是锌和硝酸银</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">当锌用完后</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">才是铜与硝酸银溶液反应</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">同学们可讨论为什么?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.K<span style="font-family:宋体">、</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">Ca</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">Na</span><span style="font-family:宋体">不能把它后面的金属从</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">它</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">们的盐溶液中置换出来。因为钾钙钠的活动性太强</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">能与水发生反应生成碱和氢气。可以先给出示例</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">然后让学生自己写一个锻炼一下。</span></span></p><p><img width="50" height="14" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.<span style="font-family:宋体">下列物质能否发生反应并说明理由</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">写出能发生反应的化学方程式并判断它们是否为置换反应。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">①银与稀盐酸②锌与硫酸铜溶液③铜与硫酸锌溶液④铝与硝酸银溶液</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.<span style="font-family:宋体">写出碳与氧化铜、氢气与金属氧化物、活泼金属与酸、前面的金属与后面金属</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">的盐</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液反应的化学方程式</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">归纳总结置换反应的几种类型。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3.<span style="font-family:宋体">学完本课题你如何设计实验证明金属的活动性</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">(A</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">B</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">C</span><span style="font-family:宋体">三种金属</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体">?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">4.<span style="font-family:宋体">完成书本</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">第</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">13<span style="font-family:宋体">页的练习题。</span></span></p><p><img width="68" height="21" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">【</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">板书设计</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">】</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">课题</span>2:金属的化学性质</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">一、金属与氧气反应</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">活动性:</span>Mg>Fe>Au</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">二、金属与酸的反应</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">活动性:</span>Mg>Zn>Fe>Cu</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">置换反应:由一种单质与一种化合物反应,生成另一种单质与另一种化合物的反应叫做置换反应。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">三、金属与金属化合物的溶液反应</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">金属活动性顺序表</span></p><p><br/></p>
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