发布人：代家勇
所在工作坊： 牟定县青龙初级中学 初中数学
时间日期：2019-10-09 至 2019-12-08
17讨论 8人
发布人：代家勇
所在工作坊： 牟定县青龙初级中学 初中数学
时间日期：2019-10-09 至 2019-12-08
17讨论 8人
<p style="text-indent:88px"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 29px"><span style="font-family:宋体">普查和抽样调查</span></span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">一、学习目标</span></span></strong></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">1</span><em><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px">.</span></em><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">知道普查、抽样调查的概念</span></span><em><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px">.</span></em></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">2</span><em><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px">.</span></em><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">知道具体问题中的总体、个体、样本、分别代表什么</span></span><em><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px">.</span></em><em> </em></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:21px">3</span><em><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 21px">.</span></em><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">能根据具体的抽样调查问题选取适当的样本</span></span><em><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 21px">.</span></em></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">二、学习重难点</span></span></strong></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">学习重点：知道总体、个体、样本</span>.</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">学习难点</span>:<span style="font-family:宋体">知道普查和抽样调查的区别。</span></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">三、预习导学</span>———不看不讲</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:50px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">阅读教材</span>P 160,<span style="font-family:宋体">尝试回答下列问题</span></span><em><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px">.</span></em></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">1</span><em><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px">.</span></em><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">为某一特定目的而对所有考察对象进行的全面调查叫作</span></span><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span></em><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">,<span style="font-family:宋体">其中</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">所要考察对象的全体称为</span></span><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span></em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span></em><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">,<span style="font-family:宋体">组成总体的每一个考察对象称为</span></span><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span></em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span></em><em><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px">. </span></em></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">2</span><em><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px">.</span></em><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">从总体中抽取部分个体进行调查</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">这种调查称为</span></span><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span></em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span></em><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">,<span style="font-family:宋体">其中从总体抽取的部分个体叫总体的一个</span></span><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span></em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span></em><em><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px">. </span></em></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">四、预习测评</span>——不做不讲</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:30px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">某校为了解全校</span>2000<span style="font-family:宋体">名学生的课外阅读时间</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">在全校范围内随机调查了</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">50</span><span style="font-family:宋体">名学生</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">得到他们在某一天各自课外阅读所用时间的数据</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">, </span><span style="font-family:宋体">那么这次</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">调查的总体是</span></span><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span></em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span></em><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">,</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">调查的个体是</span></span><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span></em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span></em><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">,</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">调查的样本是</span></span><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span></em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span></em></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">这次调查是</span></span><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span></em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span></em><em><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px">.</span></em></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">五、合作探究</span>——不议不讲</span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">互动探究</span> 1</span></strong></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">你能用普查的方式了解下面的信息吗？你准备如何调查？与同伴进行交流</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">(1)<span style="font-family:宋体">全国中学生的节约用水意识</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">;</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">(2)<span style="font-family:宋体">中央电视台春节联欢晚会的收视率</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">;</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">(3) <span style="font-family:宋体">一批灯泡的使用寿命</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">;</span></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 29px"> </span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">互动探究</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';font-size: 21px">2 </span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 21px">(</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';font-size: 21px"> </span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">观察三人的收集活动</span>)</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:39px"><span style="position:absolute;z-index:1;margin-left:256.8000px;margin-top:60.0000px;width:432.0000px;height:229.0000px"><img width="432" height="229" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">为了了解你所在地区老年人的健康状况，你准备怎样收集数据？下面分别是小明、小颖、小亮三个小组的调查结果：</span></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">小明：</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">我们小组在公园里</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">调查了</span></span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:20px">100</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">名老年人，</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">他们一年中生病的次数如图所示：</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"> </span></p><p><span style="position:absolute;z-index:1;margin-left:196.8000px;width:372.0000px;height:269.0000px"><img width="372" height="269" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">小颖：</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">我们小组在医院调查了</span></span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:20px">100</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">名老年病人，他们一年中生病的次数如图所示：</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:21px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:21px"> </span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">小亮：</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">我们小组调查了</span></span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:20px">10</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">名老年邻居，他们一年中生病的次数如下表所示：</span></span></p><table width="568"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td width="284" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">生病的次数</span></p></td><td width="284" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">人数</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="284" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">1<span style="font-family:宋体">至</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体">次</span></span></p></td><td width="284" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">4</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="284" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">3<span style="font-family:宋体">至</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">6</span><span style="font-family:宋体">次</span></span></p></td><td width="284" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">5</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="284" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">7<span style="font-family:宋体">次以上</span></span></p></td><td width="284" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">1</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">回答下列问题：</span></span></strong></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">(1)<span style="font-family:宋体">你们打算怎么收集这次活动的数据</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">(2)<span style="font-family:宋体">你同意他们三个人的调查方式吗</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">?</span><span style="font-family:宋体">说说你的理由。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"> </span></p><p style="margin-left:20px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">(3)<span style="font-family:宋体">为了了解你所在地区老年人的健康状况，你认为应当怎样收集数据最合适</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">?</span><span style="font-family:宋体">与同学交流</span></span><em><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px">.</span></em></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">(4)<span style="font-family:宋体">小华的调查方式行不行</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">?</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:21px"> </span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">议一议：</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:53px"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">你认为什么时候必须用普查获取数据，什么时候用抽样调查获取数据？</span></span></strong></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:21px"> </span></p><p style="text-indent:112px"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 32px"> </span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:149px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">普查和抽样调查的比较</span></span></p><p><span style="position:absolute;z-index:1;margin-left:0.0000px;margin-top:0.0000px;width:558.0000px;height:296.0000px"><img width="558" height="296" src="http://study.teacheredu.cn/proj/static/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif"/></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:21px"> </span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">六、导学测评</span></span></strong></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">1<span style="font-family:宋体">、为了了解我校七年级</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">200</span><span style="font-family:宋体">名学生的身高</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">从中抽取</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">50</span><span style="font-family:宋体">名学生进行测量</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">对于这个问题</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">下面说法正确的是</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">( )</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:30px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">A.200<span style="font-family:宋体">名学生是总体。 </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">B.</span><span style="font-family:宋体">每个学生是个体</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:30px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">C.<span style="font-family:宋体">抽取</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">50</span><span style="font-family:宋体">名学生是所抽的一个样本</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:30px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">D</span><em><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px">.</span></em><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">每个学生的身高是个体</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">[<span style="font-family:宋体">变式训练</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">]</span><span style="font-family:宋体">为了调查我校毕业生的健康状况</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">从</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">250</span><span style="font-family:宋体">名毕业生中抽取了</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">50</span><span style="font-family:宋体">名学生进行体检</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">这个问题中</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">总体指</span></span><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span></em><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">;</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">个体指</span></span><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span></em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span></em><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">;</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">样本指</span></span><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span></em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px"> </span></span></em><em><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px">. </span></em></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">2<span style="font-family:宋体">、为了了解我校学生营养餐就餐情况</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">四位同学做了不同的调查</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">:</span><span style="font-family:宋体">小华向初一年级的五个班级的全体同学做了调查</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">;</span><span style="font-family:宋体">小明向初二年级的五个班的全体同学做了调查</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">;</span><span style="font-family:宋体">小红向初三年级四个班的全体同学做了调查</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">;</span><span style="font-family:宋体">小珍分别向初一</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">147</span><span style="font-family:宋体">班、初二</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">145</span><span style="font-family:宋体">班、初三</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">137</span><span style="font-family:宋体">班的全体同学做了调查</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">你认为</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">( )</span><span style="font-family:宋体">同学的抽样调查比较科学</span></span><em><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px">.</span></em></p><p style="text-indent:30px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">A.<span style="font-family:宋体">小华 </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">B.</span><span style="font-family:宋体">小明 </span></span></p><p style="text-indent:30px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">C.<span style="font-family:宋体">小芳 </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">D</span></span><em><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 20px">.</span></em><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:宋体">小珍</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:30px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">3<span style="font-family:宋体">、我县今年参加中考大约有</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">1200</span><span style="font-family:宋体">名学生</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">从中抽取</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">120</span><span style="font-family:宋体">名考生的数学成绩进行分析</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">以下说法中正确的是</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">( )</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:40px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">A.1200<span style="font-family:宋体">名学生是总体</span></span> </p><p style="text-indent:40px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">B.<span style="font-family:宋体">每个考生的数学成绩是个体 </span></span></p><p style="text-indent:40px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">C.120<span style="font-family:宋体">名考生的成绩是样本</span></span> </p><p style="text-indent:40px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:20px">D.<span style="font-family:宋体">以上答案都不对</span></span></p><p><br/></p>