王慧杰 2020-10-14 15:22
<p style="text-indent: 131px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">《</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">探究影响酶活性的条件</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">》</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">教案</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:168px;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">人教版生物必修一第五章第一节</span></p><p style="text-indent:196px;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> <span style="font-family:宋体">高一上期</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:196px;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> <span style="font-family:宋体">王慧杰</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:196px;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">河南省实验文博学校</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">一、课题名称：探究影响酶活性的条件</span> </span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><br/></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">二、教学目标</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1<span style="font-family:宋体">、知识与技能 ：</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> <span style="font-family:宋体">认识实验设计的基本原则，能找出实验的自变量、因变量和无关变量，会初步进行实验设计。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2<span style="font-family:宋体">、过程与方法：</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">参与影响酶活性因素的探究实验，初步体会探究实验的过程和方法，提高实验基本操作能力，通过对实验结果的预测和实验现象的讨论，提高分析和解决问题的能力。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3<span style="font-family:宋体">、情感、态度、价值观：</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">初步培养探索、创新和勇于实践的科学精神和严谨的科学态度。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">三、课型：新授课</span> </span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><br/></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">四、课时：</span>1<span style="font-family:宋体">课时</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><br/></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">五、教学重点</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1<span style="font-family:宋体">、理解探究实验的基本过程</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2<span style="font-family:宋体">、能根据实验课题设计实验操作步骤并对实验结果进行分析</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">六、教学难点</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">能根据实验课题设计实验操作步骤并对实验结果进行分析</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">七、教学过程</span></p><table><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td width="52" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">教学过程</span></p></td><td width="338" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">教师活动</span></p></td><td width="205" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">学生活动</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="52" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">新课导入</span></p></td><td width="338" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">用生活中常见的消化不良为主题进行课堂导入。消化不良是个很常见的问题，如果发生了消化不良，可以吃点什么药物呢？</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">这些药物是如何起到助消化的作用呢？图片列举几种助消化药物的作用机理即通过促进酶的分泌或者提高酶的活性或者补充酶而发挥作用。将生活信息与课堂知识联系起来。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">提出问题：什么是酶呢？酶的活性的概念是什么？与无机催化剂相比酶发挥作用的条件。引入课堂内容</span></p></td><td width="205" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">根据教师引导思考生活中知道的助消化的药物</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">了解助消化药物的作用机理，与酶的知识相联系。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">回忆酶的相关知识</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="52" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">提出问题</span></p></td><td width="338" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">提出问题：影响酶活性的条件是什么？</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">用自己的亲身实验经历讲述纤维素酶需要在适当的条件下发挥作用，引发学生思考影响酶活性的条件。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">再次提问有没有物质会影响酶的活性，引发学生思考影响酶活性的其他物质环境</span></p></td><td width="205" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">由材料信息总结影响酶活性的温度和<span style="font-family:Calibri">PH</span><span style="font-family:宋体">条件，并根据教师启发发散性思考影响酶活性的物质条件</span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="52" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">做出假设</span></p></td><td width="338" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">展示课堂提供的资料（材料用具：新鲜的质量分数为<span style="font-family:Calibri">20%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的鸡肝研磨液、 体积分数为</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">3%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">H2O2</span><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液、</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">0.01g/ml</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">Pb(NO3)2</span><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液、</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">0.02g/ml</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">Pb(NO3)2 </span><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液、质量分数为</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">5%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">HCl</span><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液、 质量分数为</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">5%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">NaOH</span><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液、无水乙醇和</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">50%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的酒精、</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">0.01g/ml</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">CuSO4</span><span style="font-family:宋体">和</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">0.05g/ml</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">CuSO4</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、蒸馏水。试管、量筒、小烧杯、大烧杯、滴管、标签纸），引导学生分析实验中可使用的酶和实验影响的自变量，并引导学生做出相应假设</span></span></p></td><td width="205" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">根据教师提供的材料工具思考影响酶活性的可能因素和所需的酶，并做出相应假设</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="52" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">设计实验方案</span></p></td><td width="338" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">讲述实验方案设计的注意事项和设计方案的内容：</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1<span style="font-family:宋体">实验的材料用具</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2<span style="font-family:宋体">实验操作步骤的设计写法</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3<span style="font-family:宋体">预期结果</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">并</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">以教师亲自设计的</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">探究能否用淀粉酶探究<span style="font-family:Calibri">PH</span><span style="font-family:宋体">对酶活性影响为例示范实验方案的写作过程</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">通过视频展示教师示范操作<span style="font-family:Calibri">PH</span><span style="font-family:宋体">对淀粉酶活性影响的探究实验</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">由小组结合材料用具清单，讨论确定实验研究课题并写出实验方案，教师加以指导（小建议：使用酸或碱性溶液时可加<span style="font-family:Calibri">1.5ml</span><span style="font-family:宋体">；使用</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">H2O2</span><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液时可加</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">3ml</span><span style="font-family:宋体">；肝脏研磨液需要</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体">滴；酒精可使用</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">1.5ml;CuSO4</span><span style="font-family:宋体">可使用</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">1.5ml</span><span style="font-family:宋体">；硝酸铅可使用</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">滴）</span></p></td><td width="205" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">理解实验方案的写法</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">根据教师的示范熟悉实验方案设计过程</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">观看教师录制的<span style="font-family:Calibri">PH</span><span style="font-family:宋体">对淀粉酶活性影响的探究实验</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> 确定实验研究课题，写出实验方案</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="52" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">操作实验</span></p></td><td width="338" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">引导学生根据自己讨论设计的实验课题和实验方案操作实验，仔细观察实验现象</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">对学生实验过程进行指导和投屏，使各组学生都能观看别组的实验操作及结论。</span></p></td><td width="205" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">小组配合根据自己讨论设计的实验课题和实验方案操作实验，仔细观察实验现象</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="52" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">分析结果得出结论</span></p></td><td width="338" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">引导学生观察实验结果，得出实验结论</span></p></td><td width="205" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">观察实验结果，得出实验结论</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="52" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">表达和交流</span></p></td><td width="338" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">设计各组表达交流的内容：</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1<span style="font-family:宋体">你们组探究的课题是什么？实验基本思路是什么 ？</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2<span style="font-family:宋体">本实验的自变量、因变量分别是什么？如何观察或者检测因变量？</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3<span style="font-family:宋体">实验设置哪几个对照？该过程遵循了哪些实验原则？</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">4<span style="font-family:宋体">、如何排除其他因素的干扰？是否进行了重复实验？你的预期结果与实际结果相符吗？</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">引导各小组根据自己的实验课题对实验结果进行表达和交流。</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">教师对学生操作的实验进行适当引导和点评</span></p></td><td width="205" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">每组选出一位代表，根据教师给出的交流内容建议，汇报本组的实验情况</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">，</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="52" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">进一步探究</span></p></td><td width="338" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">针对实验中出现的问题帮助学生分析原因，设计进一步探究思路，对本实验设计的实验拓展内容引导学生进行进一步探索</span></p></td><td width="205" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">思考本实验的成功与不足，根据自己的意愿思考进一步探究的内容</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="52" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">课堂总结</span></p></td><td width="338" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">对探究实验的基本过程进行总结：提出问题——做出假设——设计实验——实验操作——分析结果得出结论——表达和交流——进一步探究</span></p></td><td width="205" valign="top" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">回忆并理解探究实验的基本过程</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><br/></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">八、作业处理：</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">根据本节课所学知识，设计探究温度对淀粉酶活性影响的实验方案</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">九、板书设计</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p style="text-indent: 140px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">探究影响酶活性的条件</span></p><p style="text-indent: 98px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">探究实验的基本过程</span></p><p style="text-indent: 98px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1<span style="font-family:宋体">提出问题</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 98px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2<span style="font-family:宋体">做出假设</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 98px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3<span style="font-family:宋体">设计实验</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 98px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">4<span style="font-family:宋体">操作实验</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 98px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">5<span style="font-family:宋体">分析结果，得出结论</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 98px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">6<span style="font-family:宋体">表达与交流</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 98px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">7<span style="font-family:宋体">进一步探究</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><br/></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">十、教具</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1<span style="font-family:宋体">、</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">PPT<span style="font-family:宋体">课件</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2<span style="font-family:宋体">、</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">材料用具：新鲜的质量分数为</span>20%<span style="font-family:宋体">的鸡肝研磨液、 体积分数为</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">3%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">H2O2</span><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液、</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">0.01g/ml</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">Pb(NO3)2 </span><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液、</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">0.02g/ml</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">Pb(NO3)2 </span><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液、质量分数为</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">5%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">HCl</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液、</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">质量分数为</span>5%<span style="font-family:宋体">的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">NaOH</span><span style="font-family:宋体">溶液、无水乙醇和</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">50%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的酒精、</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">0.01g/ml</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">CuSO4</span><span style="font-family:宋体">和</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">0.05g/ml</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">CuSO4</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、蒸馏水试管、小烧杯、大烧杯、滴管、标签纸</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3、</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">学生学案</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">4、</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">实验投屏设备</span></p><p><br/></p>